Parts of speech

Parts of speech

वाक्य में प्रयुक्त शब्दों को उनके प्रयोग के अनुसार आठ भिन्न-भिन्न भागों में बांटा जा सकता है जिन्हें parts of speech  कहते हैं-

—  Noun(सज्ञां)

—  Pronoun(सर्वनाम)

—  Adjective(विशेषण)

—  Verb(क्रिय़ा)

—  Adverb(क्रिय़ा विशेषण)

—  Conjunction(संयोजन)

—  Preposition(संबधंसूचक शब्द)

— Interjection(विस्मयसूचक शब्द)

1.the noun (naming word)

* a noun is a word which is used of a persan,place, thing,an, action,quality or state as:

किसी व्यक्ति ,वस्तु, स्थान, गुण, कार्य, या अवस्था को प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों को noun कहते है, जैसे

Name of persan(व्यक्ति):      nuper , nikunj

Name of place(स्थान):        circus , dispensary

Name of action(कार्य):         choice,work

Name of thing(वस्तु):    pen, state,book

Name of quality(गुण): truth

Name of situation(अवस्था):     sleep, state, death

2.The pronoun(substitutting word)

* a pronoun is a word which is used in place of a noun.

Noun के बदले में प्रयुक्त होने वाले शब्दों को pernoun(सर्वनाम) कहते है,जैसे

Mukul did not come as was not invited.

Sharda failed because she did not work hard

The lady who wrote this novel is coming here today.

इन वाक्यों में he का प्रयोग mukul के लिए;she का प्रयोग sharda के लिए तथा who का प्रयोगl lady के लिए किया गया है। अत: he ,she औरwho  शब्द pronouns है

3.the  adjective

* an adjective is a word which adds something to meaning of a noun or pronoun

Noun याpronoun की विशेषता प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों को adjective(विशेषण) कहते है.जैसे

Sushms is a pretty, girl.

That bear is black.

Raju is a good boy .

We use woollen clothes in winter.

इन वाक्यों में pretty ,good,blockऔर woollen शब्द adjective है क्योंकि वे क्रमश :girl, boy ,cat और clouths की विशेषता बताते है।

4.The verb

* a verb is a word used to say something about some person ,place, or thing verb(क्रिया)वह शब्द है जो किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, या वस्तु के संबंध में कुछ बताते हु काम के होने या करने को व्यक्त करे। जैसे

Ladies iove sweet.

Delhi is a crowded city.

Sugar tastes sweet.

The earth moves round the sun.

इन वाक्यों में इटैलिक शब्द verbs है.

5.the adverb(modifying word)

 *an adverb is a word that modifies every part of speech pxcept a noun pronoun and interjection.

adverb(क्रिया विशेषण) वह शब्दों जो noun pronoun तथा interjection को छोड़कार अन्य सभी part of speech की विशेषता प्रकट करे ,जैसे

he speaks  english correctly.

Sangita is very  sincere

I went there quite quietly.

An eagle flew just over her head reched the station

The train lift just before we had reched  the station.

6. the preposition(governing word)

* a preposition is a word which is used before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other word in the sentence.

Preposition(संबधंसूचक शब्द)वह शब्द है जो किसी noun याpronoun से पूर्व प्रयुक्त होकर उसका संबधं वाक्या के किसी अन्यnounयाpronoun से व्यक्त करे, जैसे:

Saroj is sitting on mat.

I hit the dog with a stick.

He is in the playground.

We went to ambala by bus

इन वाक्यों में on,with,in,to,by शब्द preposition है।

7.the conjunction

* a conjunction is a word which is used to join two words, clauses or sentences.

Conjuntion(संयोजक) वह शब्द है जो दो शब्दों , दो उपवाक्यों को जोड़े। इस connectionअथवाlinker भी कहते है। जैसे:

Veena and kavita are sisters.

Reena came but did not speak to me.

I know when the sun rises.

Mohan is wise and sincere.

Do or die.

इन वाक्यों में लाल शब्द conjunctions हैं.

8. the interjection

* an interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feelings or emotions.

Interjection(विस्मयसूचक शब्द) वह शब्द है जो मन में उभसने वाले आकस्मिक तथा उत्तेजक भावो को प्रकट करे, जैसे

Ah!alas ! oh ! hueeah ! bravo!hello!

Ah ! has she failed?

Alas ! I have lost my purse.

Oh ! what a nice lady.

Hurrah ! I have stood first.

Hurrah ! I have stood first.!

Bravo! You have won the race.

 Hello ! what are you doing these days ?

Parts of speech

A noun is the name of anything.

As school or gardenroad and swing

               Insread of nouns the pronouns stand,

              Her head , his face, my arm, your hand.

Adjectives tell the kinds of noun,

Asgreat, small, pretty or brown

                 Verbs tell of something  being done,

                  As to read, write ,sing and run,

How things are done the adverbs the adverbs tell

Ad slowly, quickiy till or well,

                Conjunction join the words together

                As man and woman, wind and judiclously used.

Prepositions like spices should be judiciously used.

The distinction like spices  should be judiciously used.

Ah! alas ! oh ! hurrah ! bravo !  are  termed as intrjection .

Some show joy and approval , others show repulsion or rejection.